American cryptofed dao

the first wyoming decentralized autonomous organization

A monetary system with zero inflation, zero deflation, zero transaction costs, and maximum employment

The Necessity for a New Currency

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• Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, the accelerated economic growth has been demanding a growing large amount of money supply with adjustable flexibility. The limited supply of gold with rigidity was unable to meet the economic demand.

• “Richard Nixon’s decision to delink the dollar from gold, announced without warning in August 1971, remade the global monetary system in an instant.” Since then, human society has been searching for a new global monetary system.
• Bitcoin cannot be the solution because it has the same nature of limited supply with rigidity as gold and cannot perform better than gold.

• American CryptoFed DAO will create a monetary system to compete with the monetary systems of central banks which have incurable fundamental flaws of debt-based money supply, inflation, deflation, liquidity trap, and periodic economic crisis inherent to business cycles.

2-Token Economy

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Ducat and Locke will be issued pursuant to the token definition in Token Safe Harbor Proposal 2.0 outlined by SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce. The purpose of Locke and Ducat are to implement the 8 axioms of CryptoFed's economics, the requirements and implications of which must be simultaneously satisfied.

your currency

An inflation and deflation protected currency token with unlimited issuance, constrained only by zero inflation and zero deflation. Ducat is used for daily transactions without the need of conversion to US dollar, functioning as a store of value, a unit of account and a medium of exchange. Ducat comes from “Swiss Ducat,” prescribed by F. A. Hayek (Nobel Laureate 1974) in Chapter “VIII. Putting Private Token Money into Circulation,” Denationalization of Money, page 46, 1976.

Other than conversion from US dollar (USD pegged stablecoins) to Ducat, Interest payments to Ducat holders, payments to merchants for covering transaction costs (3%) associated with crypto payment gateways, and purchase rewards to both consumers (5.5%-10%) and merchants (1%-4%) are the primary methodologies for Ducat supply. Therefore, Ducat supply depends on and is endogenous to the process in which consumers use Ducat for purchases and hold Ducat for saving. This endogenous process sets Ducat apart from cryptocurrencies (such as BTC, ETH, XRP, Doge, Sol, etc.) whose supplies are irrelevant and exogenous to consumers’ purchase at merchants.

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your voice

A governance token with a maximum authorized finite number of 10 trillion. Holders may use their Locke to participate in the governance. The name Locke is derived from John Locke who defined money from the perspective of mutual consent, enunciating the spirit of American CryptoFed DAO, “And thus came in the use of money; some lasting thing that men might keep without spoiling, and that, by mutual consent, men would take in exchange for the truly useful but perishable supports of life.” Two Treatises of Government, page 125, 1689.

Pursuant to the CryptoFed Constitution, Locke will be distributed free of charge to contributors who may sell the Locke on open crypto markets for their own interest, leading to an independent formation of a secondary market for Locke. When consumers purchase Ducat with USD pegged stablecoins from CryptoFed on open crypto markets, the proceeds of USD pegged stablecoins can only be used to buy back Locke from open crypto markets for burning (destroying). Under the restriction of finite number of 10 trillion, new Locke can also be issued to buy back Ducat from open crypto markets for burning (destroying). Thus, Locke can absorb the value inflow from the US dollar economy and also stabilize Ducat economy.

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CryptoFed's Decentralization Process

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• Early adopters of Merchants will receive significant Locke grants so that they can sell portions of it at Uniswap to cover initial costs of POS integration with crypto payment gateways, after Locke reaches $0.10 USD per token. In parallel, CryptoFed may directly grant Locke to these early adopters of crypto payment gateways which prepare APIs for merchants in advance.

• If contributors or merchants are not Wyoming residents or entities, for regulatory compliance, they need to set up Wyoming entities (such as LLCs) to receive Locke grants.

• No KYC and AML is required for Locke holders. Please see the tab of Regulatory Compliance - FinCEN Communication on the website.
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Ducat Payment Flow

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• Merchants select and negotiate with crypto payment gateways which provide crypto wallets, POS integration, currency exchange, KYC and AML. Merchants receive 3% of each transaction in Ducat to cover all ongoing transaction costs.

• Step 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d occurs simultaneously in real time. Step 2 can occur daily.

• Step A, B, C and D each are independent steps associated with its own transaction costs paid to crypto payment gateways.
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MAG 2021 Annual Conference Networking Reception, September 19, 2021, Orlando

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The MAG (Merchant Advisory Group) represents 165 of the largest U.S. merchants which account for over $4.8 Trillion in annual sales at over 580,000 locations across the U.S. and online.

A Vision of the Future

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There will be dual pricing in the US, UK, Japan, and more.

Dual price

Merchants which accept Ducat will have dual price tags: USD and Ducat.

scan and pay

At register (POS), the Consumer can scan the QR code to start the Ducat payment process.
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rewards and interest

Based on the amount of goods purchased, Rewards are issued.
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Relationship Between Ducat and USD

“The Federal Reserve seeks to achieve inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run as measured by the annual change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCE).” “The PCE price index, released each month in the Personal Income and Outlays report, reflects changes in the prices of goods and services purchased by consumers in the United States.”

Given that USD targets 2% inflation and Ducat targets 0% inflation, then Ducat must start, from day 1, to accrue the accumulated loss of purchasing power caused by the USD’s inflation. Therefore, the theoretical ideal value of 1 Ducat should be equal to 1 USD plus all the accumulated USD inflation. This relationship can be defined as the Target Exchange Rate and expressed in both a mathematical formula and a corresponding diagram.
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Measurement of Ducat Inflation and Deflation

At any given time, if the Ducat market value against USD on crypto exchanges, e.g. foreign exchange (FX) rate, is lower than the Target Exchange Rate calculated by the formula, Ducat will have inflation (Ducat oversupply).

At any given time, if the Ducat market value against USD on crypto exchanges is higher than the Target Exchange Rate calculated by the formula, Ducat will have deflation (Ducat undersupply). The closer the Ducat market value to the Target Exchange Rate, the less the inflation or deflation.
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Shield For Merchants' Foreign Exchange Loss

Consumers may initially acquire Ducat as a sign-up bonus or buy Ducat from open crypto markets, then use Ducat to purchase goods and services at merchants. On each purchase, CryptoFed pays merchants in Ducat for covering transaction costs (3%) associated with crypto payment gateways, while CryptoFed’s smart contracts automatically deliver Ducat rewards to both consumers (5.5% - 10%) and merchants (1% - 4%). Merchants receive Ducat from consumers and may convert all Ducat to USD on crypto markets where consumers are primary buyers. This process will establish the Ducat circulation.

Whenever merchants suffer foreign exchange (FX) loss caused by conversion from Ducat to USD, CryptoFed’s smart contracts will automatically issue additional Ducat to merchants who keep price in Ducat unchanged for the past 24 hours. Since consumers can buy the same goods and services at the merchants with the same Ducat, and because consumers can buy more Ducat with the same amount of USD pegged stablecoins during Ducat’s devaluation, consumers will buy more and more Ducat to enjoy the Ducat discount, and consequently bringing Ducat price back to the Target Exchange Rate. This market force will play an important role, during unexpected economic shocks causing a freefall in Ducat price, to automatically maintain Ducat stability.
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Control of Ducat Inflation and Deflation

Monetary Policy: CryptoFed pays interest to Ducat holders in Ducat to influence the borrowing and lending markets of Ducat, which in turn influences people’s decisions to save, invest, or consume in Ducat. The Interest rate can go as high or low as needed, but it will never be negative and must be higher than the real federal funds rate which is defined as the effective federal funds rate minus the annual PCE core inflation rate (excluding food and energy). CryptoFed's Standard Ducat Interest Rate is at least 2% higher than the real federal funds rate, and is the equivalent of the Federal Reserve’s interest rate on reserve balances. When inflation occurs, the interest rate will be increased. When deflation occurs, the interest rate will be decreased. The major difference is that CryptoFed pays interest to Ducat holders consisting of ordinary households and businesses, while the Federal Reserve pays the interest only to those banks which have master accounts with the Federal Reserve Banks.
Fiscal Policy: CryptoFed pays rewards in Ducat to consumers (5.5% -10%) and merchants (1% - 4%) for every purchase on the assumption that the rewards will drive the expansion of Ducat economy by incentivizing more and more people to use Ducat in paying for goods, services, rents, wages, mortgages, and etc. When inflation occurs, rewards will be reduced within the range. When deflation occurs, rewards will be increased within the range. When and only when, for four consecutive quarters, Ducat inflation cannot be cured by the combination of fiscal policy (reward rate 5.5% to consumers and 1% to merchants) and monetary policy (5% interest rate), will the lower bound of the reward rate to consumers (5.5%) and to merchants (1%) be lowered 20% quarterly until the inflation is cured.

An Example of Reward and Interest Rate Adjustment

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CryptoFed’s adjustment of reward rate (fiscal policy) and interest rate (monetary policy) is a methodology to shift the fundamental economic conditions for these households (consumers) and businesses (merchants) who use Ducat for daily economic activities. The combination of fiscal and monetary policies will be implemented quarterly to cure periods of inflation and deflation.
Example: A life cycle of monetary and fiscal policy adjustments consists of the following steps:

(i) A combination of 20% consumer reward rate reduction, 15% merchant reward rate reduction and 0.25% increase of interest rate paid to ducat holders can be implemented and repeated every quarter until the inflation is cured.

(ii) Once the inflation is cured, the next quarterly adjustment is to cut the interest rate 0.25% each quarter towards the Standard Ducat Interest Rate which is 2% higher than the real federal funds rate, while continuing the reduction of 20% on consumer reward rate and 15% on merchant reward rate.

(iii) After Standard Ducat Interest Rate is reached, the quarterly reduction of 20% on consumer reward rate and 15% on merchant reward rate will continue until the inflation is cured or both the lower bounds of the reward rate to consumers (5.5%) and to merchants (1%) are reached, whichever comes first.

(iv) Provided that inflation continues under the lower bounds of the reward rate to consumers (5.5%) and to merchants (1%), the interest rate will be raised by 0.25% each quarter until the inflation is cured.

The Economic Relationship Between Locke and Ducat Tokens

The combination of fiscal and monetary policies will only be adjusted quarterly. During the three-month interval, Ducat’s price against USD in crypto markets may be higher (deflation signal, Ducat undersupply) or lower (inflation signal, Ducat oversupply) than the Target Exchange Rate.
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• Whenever Ducat price is 2% higher than the Target Exchange Rate, CryptoFed’s smart contract will automatically create and sell new Ducat in exchange for USD-pegged stablecoins on crypto markets to drive the Ducat’s price down towards the Target Exchange Rate.

• The USD-pegged stablecoins received will solely be used to buy back Locke tokens from crypto markets for burning (destroying). CryptoFed must buy back Locke tokens whenever the Locke’s price falls 3% below its previous price for a 24-hour period or falls 5% below its previous price for a 1-hour period. Whenever the Locke’s price falls 30% below its previous price for a 24-hour period, CryptoFed must use all available CryptoFed’s USD-pegged stablecoins to buy back Locke tokens. This Open Market Operation will increase the price of Locke tokens on crypto markets.

• Whenever Ducat price is 2% lower than the Target Exchange Rate, CryptoFed’s smart contract will automatically create and sell new Locke in exchange for Ducat tokens on crypto markets for burning (destroying) to bring the Ducat’s price back to the Target Exchange Rate. This Open Market Operation will decrease the price of Locke tokens on crypto markets. In order for Locke to be an efficient vehicle for buying back Ducat, CryptoFed will not launch Ducat until Locke reaches $0.10 USD per token.

If the net Ducat amount (Ducat sold minus Ducat purchased) during the three-month interval is positive (or negative), there is deflationary (or inflationary) pressure in the system. The positive or negative direction will be the objective guidance for the quarterly adjustment of fiscal and monetary policies.
During the three-month interval, when the net Locke amount (Locke purchased minus Locke sold) becomes negative, there will be high inflationary pressure. When the amount of Locke sold exceeds twice the amount of Locke purchased, it will be obvious that the inflationary pressure cannot be cured by Ducat buyback with Locke. Then, preventive fiscal and monetary policies which should be twice stronger than the regular three-month adjustment will be implemented immediately, while Ducat buyback with Locke will continue unless Locke price already falls below $0.01 USD per token. As a result, the interest rate for Ducat holders will be increased substantially while the rewards rate to consumers and merchants will be reduced substantially. During Ducat devaluation, merchants will continue receiving additional Ducat to cover foreign exchange loss caused by conversion from Ducat to USD, while consumers will buy more Ducat to enjoy more discount. After the implementation of preventive fiscal and monetary policies, whenever Ducat price falls 10% below its previous price for a 24-hour period, the same preventive fiscal and monetary policies will be repeated until the accumulated effect cures the inflation. Once the Ducat price is back to the 2% deviation range, Locke can be used again to buy back Ducat as usual.

Over time, with the accumulation of large amounts of data, Machine Learning will optimize the fiscal and monetary policies automatically to maintain zero inflation and deflation while maximizing Ducat expansion and Locke value.

CryptoFed's Economics

Creates a decentralized monetary system and automates money supply function.
Decouples money supply function from bank’s lending function.
Liberates macroeconomy from the risks of debt accumulation.
Ensures the flexibility of money supply for constant economic growth and job creation.
Shifts the paradigm of fiscal policy of economic stimulus from government spending to consumer purchase incentives (consumers: 5.5% - 10% and merchants: 1% - 4%) to generate effective demand for job creation across all industrial sectors through the free market without government intervention and taxation.
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By engrafting Hayek’s “Denationalisation of” into Keynes’ “The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money”, two schools of thought gave birth to CryptoFed’s Economics: The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Denationalisation of Money. In Ducat economy, the economics of Keynes and Hayek are cohesively reconciled and integrated, despite ongoing debate in the economy of fiat monopolies.

“The debate about the validity of their economics remains open. It hinges on the question of the extent to which full employment is the normal or strong tendency of a decentralized system. Hayek thought it was; Keynes thought it wasn’t. Both could appeal to the facts to support them. Hayek could point out that the capitalist market economy had been the major factor in lifting the world out of poverty and reducing violence, Keynes to the fact that it achieved full employment only in ‘moments of excitement’; that its progress was punctuated by crashes which periodically threw millions out of work; and that the capitalist era had witnessed two of the most devastating wars in history.” — Robert Skidelsky, Keynes v Hayek: The Four Buts, page 164-165, in From the Past to the Future: Ideas and Actions for a Free Society, January 15-17, 2020, A Special Meeting, The Mont Pelerin Society.

Hayek's Appeal

"The issue is not one that, as may at first appear to the layman, concerns a minor technicality of the financial system that he has never quite understood. It refers to the one way in which we may still hope to stop the continuous progress of all government towards totalitarianism that already appears to many acute observers as inevitable. I wish I could advise that we proceed slowly. But the time may be short." — F.A. Hayek, Denationalisation of Money, page 134
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American CryptoFed DAO’s ambitious effort to decentralize the monetary system may be able “to stop the continuous progress of all government towards totalitarianism.” President Reagan taught us that, “Government is not the solution to our problem. Government is the problem.” (Advise the President: Ronald Reagan, page 6).
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